VAT calculator

How it works

Adding vs. removing VAT — and why reverse VAT is a division

VAT is a percentage added on top of a net price. To add it, multiply the net by (1 + rate/100). To go the other way — from a gross, VAT-inclusive price back to the net — you must divide by that same factor, never subtract the percentage.

The difference is real money. A €122 gross price at Italy’s 22% rate is €100.00 net, because 122 ÷ 1.22 = 100. Subtracting “22%” instead gives €95.16 — a €4.84 error on a single line, the kind of mistake that quietly breaks invoices and spreadsheets.

Standard rates in the seeded countries

• France — 20% standard; 10% and 5.5% reduced; 2.1% super-reduced.
• Spain — 21% standard; 10% reduced; 4% super-reduced.
• Italy — 22% standard; 10% and 5% reduced; 4% super-reduced.
• Poland — 23% standard; 8% and 5% reduced; 0% zero-rated.
• Bulgaria — 20% standard; 9% reduced; 0% zero-rated.

Each rate carries its source (CGI, Ley 37/1992, DPR 633/1972, Ustawa o VAT, ЗДДС) and is queried by date, so a historical calculation uses the rate that was actually in force. Rates last checked 2026-07-14 · verify against the official gazette before filing.